1. Authentication#
Authentication is your first line of defense. Strengthen your security by implementing these practices:
1.1 Use Strong Passwords#
- Create strong, unique passwords for all accounts (16+ characters).
- Use a password manager to organize and secure credentials.
1.2 Enable Multifactor Authentication (MFA)#
- Turn on MFA for every account that supports it.
- Avoid SMS-based MFA; use app-based codes or hardware keys.
1.3 Monitor and Update Passwords#
- Sign up for breach notification services like Have I Been Pwned.
- Regularly update passwords and review account recovery settings.
2. Internet of Things (IoT)#
IoT devices can be a gateway for attackers. Secure them with these steps:
2.1 Change Default Settings#
- Change default passwords on all IoT devices.
- Disable unnecessary features like cameras and microphones.
2.2 Update and Monitor Devices#
- Enable automatic updates to keep firmware current.
- Monitor your network for unusual devices or activity.
2.3 Segment Your Network#
- Set up a guest network for IoT devices.
- Research devices before purchase to ensure they prioritize security.
3. Networks#
Your home network is the backbone of your digital security. Protect it with these actions:
3.1 Secure Your Router#
- Change default router username and password.
- Enable WPA3 (or WPA2) encryption.
3.2 Monitor and Update#
- Update router firmware regularly.
- Monitor connected devices and block any unknown ones.
3.3 Strengthen Access#
- Create a guest network for visitors or IoT devices.
- Consider using a VPN at the router level.
4. Ongoing Maintenance#
Cybersecurity is an ongoing process. Keep your defenses strong by:
4.1 Enable Automatic Updates#
- Enable updates for all devices and software.
- Schedule backups to both cloud storage and external drives.
4.2 Monitor and Review#
- Regularly monitor accounts and devices for suspicious activity.
- Review and limit app permissions to protect sensitive data.
4.3 Test Your Defenses#
- Test backups periodically to ensure reliability.
- Run weekly security scans for threats like malware or viruses.
5. Personal Devices#
Your personal devices are treasure troves of data. Secure them with these steps:
5.1 Encrypt and Update#
- Enable encryption and automatic updates for all devices.
- Set up strong passwords or biometric authentication.
5.2 Add Layers of Protection#
- Install antivirus and anti-malware tools.
- Use a VPN when on public Wi-Fi.
5.3 Manage App Permissions#
- Regularly review app permissions.
- Secure your IoT devices and home network.
6. Physical Security#
Physical security complements your digital practices. Follow these steps:
6.1 Secure Your Devices#
- Lock devices when not in use and enable auto-lock timers.
- Use tracking features to locate or secure stolen devices.
6.2 Protect Your Workspace#
- Invest in physical security tools like locks and privacy screens.
- Secure your home office with locked storage and monitored security.
7. Secure Messaging#
Keep your conversations private with these practices:
7.1 Choose Encrypted Apps#
- Install and use secure apps like Signal or Session.
- Use decentralized apps like Jami for enhanced anonymity.
7.2 Enable Privacy Features#
- Turn on disappearing messages for sensitive chats.
- Verify contact identities to avoid impersonation attacks.
8. Social Media#
Take control of your online presence with these steps:
8.1 Adjust Privacy Settings#
- Review and adjust your privacy settings on all platforms.
- Revoke unnecessary third-party app access.
8.2 Be Mindful of What You Share#
- Turn off location tagging.
- Avoid posting sensitive information like vacation plans.
9. Web Browsing#
Navigate the web safely with these actions:
9.1 Use Secure Tools#
- Use privacy-focused browsers like Brave or Firefox.
- Install tracker-blocking browser extensions like uBlock Origin.
9.2 Protect Your Activity#
- Clear cookies and cache regularly.
- Verify HTTPS before entering sensitive data.
9.3 Add Extra Privacy#
- Use a VPN for public Wi-Fi.
- Consider using the Tor Browser for anonymous browsing.