🔐 Authentication

🛠️ What is it?#

Authentication is the process of verifying that you are who you claim to be when accessing an account, app, or device. It’s your first line of defense against unauthorized access and a cornerstone of digital security.

🚨 Why is this important?#

Weak or reused passwords are one of the easiest ways for cybercriminals to break into accounts. Once they access your credentials, they can steal sensitive data, commit fraud, or impersonate you. Implementing robust authentication practices—such as using strong passwords, multi-factor authentication (MFA), and monitoring for breaches—can significantly reduce the risk.

🛡️ What can I do?#

🟢 Start Here (The Basics)#

1. Use Strong Passwords

   • Create passwords that are at least 16 characters long.
   • Include a mix of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols.
   • Avoid using obvious patterns or words like "password123."

2. Never Reuse Passwords

   • If one account is compromised, reused passwords can lead to a domino effect, exposing other accounts.

3. Adopt a Password Manager

   • Tools like Bitwarden or 1Password securely generate, store, and autofill passwords, making it easier to use strong, unique credentials.

4. Enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

   • Add an extra layer of security by requiring a second factor, such as a code from an app like Google Authenticator, biometrics, or a hardware token.

5. Regularly Update Passwords

   • Change your passwords at least once a year or after any reported breaches.

6. Avoid Sharing Passwords

   • If sharing is necessary, use secure features in password managers instead of sharing directly via text or email.

🔵 Want Extra Protection? (Leveling Up)#

1. Use Advanced Authentication Methods

   • Invest in hardware tokens like YubiKey or other FIDO2 keys, which are among the most secure authentication methods.

2. Avoid SMS for MFA

   • SMS is susceptible to SIM-swapping attacks. Use app-based authentication or hardware keys instead.

3. Set Unique Usernames

   • Pair unique usernames with unique passwords to reduce exposure to credential-stuffing attacks.

4. Monitor for Breaches

   • Register with Have I Been Pwned to receive alerts if your credentials are found in data breaches.

5. Enable Account Lockouts

   • Configure accounts to lock temporarily after multiple failed login attempts to deter brute force attacks.

6. Turn on Recovery Codes

   • Securely store recovery codes for MFA-protected accounts in case you lose access to your second factor.

📚 Handy Tools and Resources#

• Password Managers:

  • Bitwarden
  • 1Password
  • KeePass

• MFA Tools:

  • Google Authenticator
  • Authy
  • YubiKey

• Breach Monitoring:

  • Have I Been Pwned

✍️ Quick Tips#

• Avoid saving passwords in browsers, as these are vulnerable to malware and breaches.
• Review and update account recovery options to ensure you can regain access if locked out.
• Disable accounts you no longer use to minimize your attack surface.
• Use passphrases for master passwords, such as a combination of unrelated words: “PurplePizza$Rocket!Tree.”

📝 Checklist#

• Create strong, unique passwords for all accounts.
• Use a password manager to organize and secure credentials.
• Enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) for every account that supports it.
• Avoid SMS for MFA; use app-based codes or hardware keys.
• Sign up for breach notification services like Have I Been Pwned.
• Regularly update passwords and review account recovery settings.

📖 Sources#

• Secure Our World: Password Tips
• Multi-Factor Authentication Guide
• How Secure Is My Password?
• Have I Been Pwned