🌐 Internet of Things (IoT)

🛠️ What is it?#

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to everyday devices—like lights, refrigerators, fitness trackers, and smart doorbells—that connect to the internet. These devices bring convenience and efficiency, but they also introduce potential vulnerabilities into your home network.

🚨 Why is this important?#

Hackers target IoT devices because they often lack strong security measures. Breaches can result in:

• Unauthorized control of your devices (e.g., unlocking your smart door).
• Privacy violations, such as spying through cameras.
• Compromised home networks, exposing sensitive personal or financial data.

By securing your IoT devices, you can safeguard your digital home and prevent cybercriminals from exploiting these vulnerabilities.

🛡️ What can I do?#

🟢 Start Here (The Basics)#

1. Change Default Passwords Immediately
   Many devices come with factory-set passwords like “admin123.” Hackers can easily guess these.

   • Replace default credentials with strong, unique passwords for every device.

2. Keep Devices Updated
   Regularly install firmware updates and security patches provided by manufacturers to address vulnerabilities.

   • Enable automatic updates if available.

3. Set Up a Guest Network
   Isolate IoT devices on a dedicated Wi-Fi network separate from your primary devices (like phones and laptops).

   • This limits potential lateral movement by hackers within your network.

4. Disable Unnecessary Features
   Turn off features like microphones, cameras, and remote access when they’re not in use.

5. Check App Permissions
   IoT devices often rely on companion apps. Review app permissions and follow the "rule of least privilege": only grant what’s absolutely necessary.

🔵 Want Extra Protection? (Leveling Up)#

1. Enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
   For devices and apps that support it, enable MFA to add an extra layer of login security.

2. Monitor Your Network
   Use network monitoring tools like Fing or your router’s management interface to track connected devices.

   • Look for any unfamiliar devices and disconnect them immediately.

3. Turn Off Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)
   UPnP is convenient for connecting devices but can be exploited by hackers. Disable it unless absolutely necessary.

4. Secure Your Router

   • Enable WPA3 or WPA2 encryption for your Wi-Fi.
   • Change the default SSID to something non-identifiable (e.g., avoid "SmithFamilyWiFi").
   • Refer to the CISA Guide to Securing Home Networks.

5. Research Before Buying
   Choose IoT devices from reputable manufacturers that prioritize security and provide regular updates.

📚 Handy Tools and Resources#

• CISA: Protecting Your Digital Home
  Read the full tip sheet.
• Network Monitoring Tools: Fing, NetSpot
• IoT Best Practices: NSA Guide

✍️ Quick Tips#

• Disconnect IoT devices you don’t use regularly.
• Check for vulnerabilities by searching your devices’ make and model online (e.g., “SmartCamera X security issues”).
• Avoid cheap, generic IoT devices that lack security features.

📝 Checklist#

• Change default passwords on all IoT devices.
• Enable automatic updates to keep firmware current.
• Set up a guest network for smart devices.
• Disable unnecessary features like cameras and microphones.
• Monitor your network for unusual devices or activity.
• Enable MFA for IoT accounts and apps where supported.
• Research devices before purchase to ensure strong security features.